Can we estimate HIV incidence using routine recent infection surveillance?

Many factors need to be carefully considered in use of routine recent infection surveillance to estimate population HIV incidence, including recency assay-specific performance characteristics, timing and coverage of HIV testing among persons at-risk within the population, and coverage and quality of recency testing among those newly diagnosed with HIV. Approaches that adequately measure or adjust for these factors may make it possible in the future to use routine recent infection surveillance to estimate HIV incidence.